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3 Celts & Company • "ANDERSON :: SAINT ANDREW"

Clan Siol Andreas: the race of Andrew/Anrias.

The cult of St Andrew came to the east of Scotland from Europe in the 9th century (c.834 AD). It was distinct from the early Celtic church, which came from Ireland, and the traditions of the different groups of peoples who had lived there in earlier centuries.

The cult soon became well established, and many people went on pilgrimages to St Andrews, its centre. Pilgrims believed that the relics of St Andrew had been brought there by St Rule (a.k.a Saint Regulus). According to legend, St Andrew, one of Christ's disciples, was crucified on an X-shaped cross.

According to the various accounts Regulus was either shipwrecked or told by an angel to stop intentionally on the shores of Fife at the spot called Kilrymont, a Pictish settlement which is now St. Andrews. Here he was welcomed by a Pictish king, Óengus I (fl. 732-761, mac Fergus-the-Tall). Regulus is claimed to have brought three fingers of the saint's right hand, the upper bone of an arm, one kneecap, and one of his teeth.

By the early 14th century, St Andrew was recognised as 'patron and protector' of the Scots, replacing St Columba. His symbol, the Saltire, was adopted as the national emblem. It was carried at the field of Bannockburn in 1314 along with the Brec Bennoch of St Columba, which has in the past been associated with the Monymusk reliquary, also in the National Museum of Scotland.

Images of St Andrew are also found in the Jacobite collection, in particular on the badges of the Order of the Thistle, the greatest Order of Chivalry in Scotland. The Order was established by James VII and II in 1687, to reward Scottish peers who supported his political and religious aims. After his exile to France, the deposed King continued to use it to encourage loyalty among his supporters. The Order continues today […] Bonnie Prince Charlie was keen to emphasise his Scottish roots to encourage support, dressing in tartan during his ill-fated time in Scotland, which ended with his defeat at the Battle of Culloden.

For centuries the Saltire has been used as a symbol of the Scottish people, and it continues to represent the nation today – on earth and in space! His flag was flown at Holyrood and then taken on space shuttle mission STS-116 to the International Space Station by astronaut Nick Patrick, whose mother came from Skye.

"ST ANDREW and the SALTIRE." National Museums of Scotland. [https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/stories/scottish-history-and-archaeology/st-andrew-and-the-saltire/]. 2019. web.

"Ancient North Scotland." The Highland Monthly - Volume 2. Edinburgh: JOHN MENZIES & CO. c.1890-91. p.546. Print.

"The Duan Albanach (Song of the Scots) ." the Lebor Bretnach. Nennius. Trans, William F Skene. Chronicles Of The Picts - Chronicles Of The Scots And Other Early Memorials Of Scottish History. H.M. General Register House, Edinburgh. 1867. Print.

keywords[x] tartan, wool, kilts, Anderson, St. Andrew, clan Ross, clan Chattan, septs

3 Celts & Company • "MACFARLANE"

Clan MacFarlane claims descent from the original Earls of Lennox, though the ultimate origin of these earls is murky and has been debated. The original Earls of Lennox descended from an Anglo-Saxon – Arkil, son of Egfrith. This Arkil, a Northumbrian chief, was said to have fled to Scotland from the devastation caused by the Harrying of the North by William the Conqueror, and later received control of the Lennox district from Malcolm III of Scotland, though alternative theories state that the original Earls of Lennox may have been of Gaelic descent. These two views are not mutually exclusive, as what is now southern Scotland had been a flux of Gaelic, Brittonic, Scandinavian and Germanic ethnicities.

The original line of the Earls of Lennox, through Gille Chriosd, brother of Maol Domhnaich, Earl of Lennox. Gille Chriosd's son, Donnchadh, appears in the Ragman Rolls as "Dunkan Makilcrift de Leuenaghes" (Duncan son of Gilchrist of Lennox). Donnchadh's grandson was Parlan (or Bartholomew), from whom the clan takes its name. It should be noted that there is no contemporary evidence of this Parlan or his elided father, only centuries-retrospective assertions that private documentation existed at the time of the Macfarlane attempt to claim the defunct earldom of Lennox. Maolchaluim Mac Pharlain, the son of Parlan, was confirmed the lands of Arrochar and others, and "hence Maolchaluim may be considered as the real founder of the clan". Maolchaluim, in turn, was succeeded by his son, Donnchadh, who obtained by charter the lands of Arrochar, dated in 1395 at Inchmurrin. Donnchadh seems to have married Christian, daughter of Sir Colin Campbell of Loch Awe, as stated in a charter of confirmation by Donnchadh, Earl of Lennox, also dated in 1395.

Not long after, the ancient line of the Earls of Lennox died with the execution of Donnchadh, Earl of Lennox, by James I of Scotland in 1425. After the earl's death it seems that the MacFarlanes claimed the earldom as heirs male. This claim, though, proved disastrous and the family of the chief were murdered, with the clan's fortunes reduced severely. The destruction of the MacFarlanes would have been inevitable but for an Anndra MacFarlane, who married Barbara, daughter of John Stewart, Lord Darnley, who had been created Earl of Lennox in 1488. From this period on the clan appears to have loyally supported the Stewart Earls of Lennox, and for several generations there is little history attributed to the clan.

Septs: Condey, Condie, Condy, Gruamach, MacCondey, MacCondie, MacCondy, MacIock, MacJock, MacInally, MacNide, MacNite, MacNoyer, MacNuyer, MacWalter, Monach, Monnock, Parlane, Parlin, Weaver, Webster, Weir.

Shared / Associated Septs: Allan, Allen, Allanach, Allanson, Allison, Arrell, Arroll, Barclay, Bart, Bartholomew, Bartie, Barty, Bartson, Brice, Bryce, Caa, Caw, Callar, Callendear, Cunnison, Kennison, Galbraith, Galloway, Grassick, Griesk, Greusaich, Knox, Leaper, Liper, Lenox, Lennox, MacAllan, MacAllen, MacAndrew, MacAndro, MacCaa, MacCaw, MacCause, MacEoch, MacEach, MacEachern, MacEoin, MacErrachar, MacFarquhar, MacGaw, MacGreusich, MacGreusick, MacInstalker, MacJames, MacKinlay, MacKinley, MacKindley, MacNair, MacNayer, MacRob, MacRobb, MacWilliam, Michie, Millar, Miller, Rob, Robb, Spruell (and assoc. spellings), Stalker, Williamson, Wilson, Wylie, Wyllie.

"Clan MacFarlane." Wikipedia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan_MacFarlane]. 18 December 2018. web.

keywords[x] tartan, wool, kilts, Black Watch, MacFarlane, clan

3 Celts & Company • "MACINTOSH"

This leading division of the old Clan Chattan (see thereunder) claims the Macintoshes descended from Seach or Shaw, son of a Macduff thane of Fife. Assisting Malcolm IV about 1160 to quell a rebel rising in Moray, he was awarded lands near Inverness and the constableship of that castle. The name means Son of the Toisich or Toshach, i.e. of the leader or general. The clan occupied an important central position, but in clashes with neighbours like the ambitious Gordons managed well to maintain itself, through astute compromise between the two types of Scottish feudalism. Though in many ways adhering to the old Celtic clan system, their actual power was based on royal charities, and a female inheritance. In the last of their successive rallies for the Stewarts, the clan was raised for Prince Charlie by Lady Macintosh, dispite the neutrality of her husband the Chief. Placed under command of a MacGillivray, they were the first to charge at Culloden.
The clan chief, Mackintosh of Mackintosh, retains a superfluous English 'k' in the name. The MacThomas or MacTavisih septs, settled in Glenshee or West Angus, derive from a son of a 14th-century Macintosh chief; whist the Farquharson and Shaw branches are regarded as having become separate clans.

Septs: ADAMSON, AYSON, CASH, CLARK, CLARKE, CLARKSON, CLERK, COMBE, COMBIE, CREARER, CRERAR, DALLAS, DOLES, EASON, EASSON, EGGIE, EGGO, ELDER, ESSON, GLENNIE, GLENNY, HARDIE, HARDY, HEGGIE, HIGGISON, HOSCK, HOSSACK, LEARY, MACANDREW, MACARTNEY, MACKAY, MACCAISH, MACCARDNEY, MACCARTNEY, MACCASH, MACCAUSE, MACCHLERY,MACCLAIR, MACCLEARY, MACCOLM, MACCOMAS, MACCOMBE, MACCOMBICH, MACCOMBIE, MACCOMIE, MACCONCHIE, MACFAIL, MACFALL, MACFAULD, MACGLASHAN, MACGLASHEN, MACHARDIE, MACHARDY, MACKEGGIE, MACKIESON, MACKILLICAN, MACKINTOSH, MACLEAR, MACLEARY, MACLEHOSE, MACLERIE, MACNEVIN, MACNIVEN, MACOMIE, MACOMISH, MACPHAIL, MACRITCHIE, MACTAUSE, MACTAVISH, MACTHOMAS, MACVAIL, NAIRN, NAIRNE, NEVISON, NIVEN, NOBLE, PAUL, RIPLEY, RITCHIE, SIVEWRIGHT, TARRELL, TAWESON, TAWSE, THOM, THOMAS, TOSH, TOSHACH

"MACINTOSH." Scots Kith and Kin and Illustrated Map Revised Second Edition. Edinburgh, SCOT: Clan House, c.1970. p.69,70. Print.

keywords[x] tartan, wool, kilts, MacIntosh, clan, septs